Many adult children worry about their parents’ capacity to drive. New car technology may be the answer. One of the hardest decisions any adult child has to make is telling a parent they shouldn’t drive anymore. For the senior, the loss of independence and inability to get to social functions, doctor visits and grocery shopping can lead to depression and isolation. It is a major blow on the list of small indignities that aging often brings.
Adult children may take the keys in good faith when all Mom really needs is as low-tech as a new prescription for her glasses. Recent innovations in driving technology are game changers. Carmakers know that the population of older drivers is growing, and they are designing vehicles to help seniors stay behind the wheel longer.
Statistics on Older Drivers
By 2025, a quarter of drivers will be 65 and older. A recent study found these older drivers to be 16 percent likelier than drivers 25 to 64 years old to cause an accident, so there is increased concern as parents age. (However, it’s important to note that drivers under 25 are 188 percent more likely than adult drivers to cause an accident.) Additionally, older drivers are several times more likely to suffer a fatal injury when they are in an accident.
Interestingly, one of the reasons older drivers tended to be so much safer than their much younger cohorts was that they change their driving habits to make up for diminished competence. This self-regulation included not driving at night, staying off the road during peak traffic hours and sticking to familiar streets. Many older drivers voluntarily removed themselves from the driving pool, thus leaving more competent seniors as drivers.
Furthermore, drivers’ risk declined as seniors got older. The group over 70 was the least likely of any age group to cause a crash, and half as likely as the group over 55. The study concluded that the pool of drivers becomes more competent with age due to the least capable taking themselves off the road.
Finally, the study concludes that “because older drivers drive comparatively
little, the risk they pose to overall traffic safety is actually much lower
than that of other drivers, even though they are likelier to cause an accident
when they do drive.”
Determining Driver Safety
While the above numbers may put a few minds to rest, there is plenty of cause for concern if Mom drifts into neighboring lanes, or Dad starts running stop signs.
Driving involves a complicated mix of physical, mental and sensory skills. The risk involved in poor driving is not only to oneself, but to others as well. The Commission on Law and Aging, in partnership with the American Psychological Association, has produced a trio of books on capacity assessment—one for lawyers, one for judges and another for psychologists. The psychologists’ handbook addresses the functional component of driving ability, with an emphasis on finding supports and accommodations. Never ask if the person “has capacity,” but rather ask “does the person have capacity with support.” Would a higher seat or pillow, pedal modifications or a new set of eyeglasses fix the problem? Only then can an assessment be made for flexibility, strength and knowledge of the rules of the road.
Another piece of the driving puzzle is health. Does the driver have muscular or skeletal problems, a possibility of strokes or psychiatric disorders? Dementia can impact not only memory, but also spatial concepts and the judgment needed to safely drive. Family members need to investigate if the problem is temporary, or reversible with the right medication or therapy.
Finally, any assessment must address cognitive ability, which includes attention and processing speed, but also peripheral vision and the ability to multi-task. Reduced cognition may be temporary and/or reversible. Cognitive abilities can be influenced by poor sleep, prescription medications and substance abuse. Resolving these issues may return the person to many years of safe driving.
Is a New Car the Answer?
There are plenty of technologies in the newest crop of cars that could help many seniors stay on the road. The same modifications that make driving easier for all of us can be a particular boon to older adults.
The following six features in particular are designed to cut down on accidents:
- Rearview camera with guidelines. All models 2018 and later have to come equipped with a rearview camera, but some come with guidelines to gauge how close you are to an obstacle. For added security, consider a system with a birds-eye view of the car that uses multiple cameras for a 360-degree picture.
- Lane departure warning. This feature triggers a warning beep to alert you when you’ve strayed out of your lane. Upgrade the option to include lane-keeping assist, which nudges the steering wheel back toward the appropriate lane.
- Blind spot monitoring. Every car has a blind spot on its right rear side. With blind spot monitoring, your car will alert you when a vehicle approaches on either side. Small lights on the sideview mirrors turn on to warn if there is a car in your blind spot.
- Curve speed warning. Modern traction and stability control systems are enhanced with this addition, which automatically slows the car’s speed by up to 10 mph if it detects that the car is taking a curve too fast.
- Automatic and adaptive headlights. Modern cars turn headlights on automatically depending on exterior lighting conditions. Adaptive headlights take it to the next level by extending visibility on curves or going up hills. The light beam swivels left and right, up or down to maximize your line of sight.
- Crash mitigation. An upgrade of standard cruise control to adaptive cruise control allows sensors on the car to detect vehicles in your path and adjust your car’s speed to maintain a safe distance between vehicles. Some systems include warnings when you are getting too close to another car, and use automatic braking to bring your car to a halt if you don’t react quickly enough.
Which Car is Right?
“It’s not about taking away the keys based on age, it’s about function,” according to Elin Schold Davis, coordinator of the Older Driver Initiative of the American Occupational Therapy Association. The current approach is “to support people to enable them to drive as long as possible.” For seniors who just need some adaptations, she recommends a $400 consultation with an occupational therapy driving rehabilitation specialist.
“There’s no such thing as the best car for an older person,” says Jacob Nelson, the director of traffic safety advocacy and research at AAA. “What matters are the features, and the features appropriate for one older driver are not necessarily appropriate for another.”
AAA offers help for seniors shopping for a new car by offering a site that categorizes makes and models of vehicles in a variety of price ranges. The site outlines vehicles that can help older adults with different needs.
Drivers with vision problems can search for a high-contrast instrument panel with large number and letter displays, an auto-dimming rearview mirror and side mirrors with glare reduction.
Schold Davis counsels people to “plan to spend time choosing a car and select the latest built-in safety features you can afford.” While “not all safety features are alike car-to-car,” she says finding the right car is different for each person. Her top goal for seniors: “Decrease the likelihood of a crash and cushion against serious injury should a crash occur.”
Barring some dementias or serious conditions like advanced vision loss, “the diagnosis of a medical condition should not determine whether it’s safe for someone to drive,” Mr. Nelson said. “What does matter is how you manage your condition—whether, for example, you have diabetes and keep your blood sugar under control to prevent a blackout.”
By getting Mom a new car, maybe you can put off questions about her driving for years. Who knows, by then a self-driving car may make the discussion about taking away car keys a thing of the past.
Evaluating Senior Driving
With so many factors affecting
driver safety, it can be difficult or impossible to know if it’s time for Dad
to give up the keys. Sometimes the sibling who sees a parent most is the first
to realize there are problems. Dad might insist that his driving is perfectly
fine. Brothers and sisters might back up Dad, and tension among family members
may escalate.
Relinquishing the right to drive is a whole lot easier if the senior agrees
that it’s time. But that’s a lot easier said than done. Luckily, there is
somewhere to turn for help.
Keeping Us Safe
is a nationally recognized “enhanced self-assessment program” for older drivers
to evaluate road safety. The company offers a three-hour session performed in
the senior’s home that includes an on-road driving exercise and a variety of
written exercises for cognition and memory, according to the website.
The driving portion is done in the older adult’s own car, on streets they are
familiar with. In addition, the administrator is trained in how to calmly
discuss their observations in what is termed a “learning conversation” that
includes input from family and friends, as well as the senior.
Results are not shared with the DMV, but are given to family members in a
written report. Such a program could be the missing link between the family and
the older adult, helping the senior to evaluate his own skills in a
low-pressure environment where family members are not present.
Another path is the Smart Driver course offered by AARP. For a reasonable cost ($25 in Colorado),
drivers can brush up on safe driving practices, skills and strategies.
Defensive driving and local traffic laws are covered. Plus, you can learn
proper vehicle maintenance and safety checks.
Even better, adults over 50 who complete the course are eligible for a
reduction on their auto insurance premium in most states. The course is offered
in certain regions and online, with more than 90 percent who have finished it
saying they would recommend it to a friend.
Sources:
https://www.apa.org/pi/aging/programs/assessment/capacity-psychologist-handbook.pdf
https://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_aging/publications/bifocal/vol_37/issue_3_april2016/evaluating-capacity-to-drive/
https://www.keepingussafe.org
https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/all/driver-safety/
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9272.html
https://www.carfax.com/blog/10-technologies-for-senior-drivers
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/well/safer-cars-help-keep-older-drivers-on-the-road.html
Blog posting provided by Society of Certified Senior Advisors
www.csa.us
